HLTAID004 Student Assessment

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6. What are the ACECQA requirements regarding notification of serious incidents?*
7. When must you obtain consent from a guardian in relation to the provision of first aid?*
8. What is the trachea?*
9. List 3 differences between a child and adults airway*
10. What are the normal respiratory rate for an infant (0 - 6 months)*

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11. What are the normal respiratory rate for a child (2 - 5 years)*
12. What are the normal respiratory rate for a child aged 5 - 12 years*
13. When is consent implied?*

a) If the casualty is unconscious

b) If the casualty is bleeding

c) Consent is always implied

d) If the casualty is suffering a heart attack
14. Describe the effect trauma can have on childhood development*
15. How would you comfort a child who is conscious, and in need of first aid treatment?*
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16. Which of the following is an acceptable reason to stop performing CPR?*

a) You physically cannot continue

b) It becomes too dangerous for you to continue

c) An ambulance arrives

d) All of the above
17. List 4 anatomical differences between a child and an adult*
18. Which of the following statements is incorrect?*

a) Once you have a first-aid certificate, you are required to help anyone in need

b) You do not have to help unless you have a duty of care to the individual

c) Once you start CPR, you have a duty of care to continue assisting the person unless circumstances prevent this or the casualty starts breathing.
19. Which of the following information should not be recorded after attending a casualty?*

a) Date, time and location of the incident

b) The casualty’s personal details, name, date of birth etc

c) Casualty observations and vital signs

d) Your opinions on the incident and casualty
20. List 3 standard precautions in regards to infection control*
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21. When should you take caution to prevent the spread of infection?*

a) Only when there is blood present

b) Only when there is any body fluid present

c) Only when the casualty looks like a drug user

d) Every person should be treated as infectious
22. What steps should you take when presented with a person who has a needle stick injury?*
23. List 6 ways you can reduce the risk of needle stick injuries.*
24. Which of the following statements is correct in regards to helping reduce the risk of cross-infection from a casualty?*

a) Wear gloves

b) Use a mask when performing CPR

c) Washing hands after assisting a casualty

d) All of the above
25. Which of the following techniques will help prevent a needle-stick injury?*

a) Wear gloves when there is a needle nearby

b) Place any needles in a plastic bag for disposal

c) Place syringe in a solid container, such as a plastic bottle, and secure lid, contact local council or authorities

d) Attempt to re-cap the syringe to prevent an injury
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26. In order, what should you do if you come across an unconscious casualty in a park?*

a) Check for danger, check breathing, check airway

b) Check for response, check airway, check for danger

c) Check for danger, check circulation, check airway

d) Check for danger, check for response, check airways, place into recovery position and monitor breathing
27. What does DRSABCD stand for with a casualty who Is NOT breathing but Not conscious?*
28. If unconscious and breathing, what position should you place the casualty in after a faint?*

a) On their back, with their legs raised

b) In the recovery position

c) Sit them up
29. What are the 4 parts of the Chain of Survival*

a) Early Access, Early CPR, Early Defibrillation, Early Advanced Care.

b) Early diagnosis, Early ambulance, Early hospital, Early discharge

c) CPR, response, AED, Ambulance Airway, breathing, response, recovery
30. Why is it important to conduct both a visual and verbal assessment of a casualty before commencing first aid?*
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31. How hard should compressions be done during CPR?*

a) As hard as possible for adults, a little softer for infants

b) Hard enough to compress the chest 6cm

c) Compress to about ½ of the chest depth

d) Compress to about 1/3rd of the chest depth
32. What is the correct compression to breathing ratio for CPR?*

a) Adults 30:2, Infants 15:2

b) Adults 15:2, Infants 30:2

c) 15:2 for everyone, regardless of age

d) 30:2 for everyone, regardless of age
33. How does an infant's respiratory system alter the way CPR is should be provided*
34. What should you do to help a casualty (who is not breathing) if you do not want to perform the rescue breaths?*

a) Continue chest compressions

b) Wait till some-one else who knows CPR arrives

c) Call an ambulance and wait till they arrive (whilst monitoring the casualty)

d) Place victim into recovery position, and ensure airway remains unobstructed.
35. What are AED’s?*
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36. You should use an AED once you determine a causality is?*

a) Unconscious and not breathing after having a suspected heart attack, then after calling 000

b) A drowning victim and is not breathing

c) Unconscious but still breathing and after you call 000

d) Not at all unless you are an ambulance office or paramedic
37. Where do you put the AED pads on a casualty?*
38. How does AED differ from adults and children?*
39. What is the minimum age of a casualty for which you can use an AED?*
40. How would you deal with a child (emotionally) that has been involved / exposed to a first aid incident?*
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41. Which of the following is a danger sign of a casualty choking?*

a) Inability to make verbal sounds

b) Bluish skin or lips

c) Weak, ineffective cough

d) All of the above
42. What is the correct method for treating a choking casualty?*

a) Administer Heimlich manoeuvre

b) Administer 5 chest thrusts

c) Administer 5 back blows, then if not cleared, 5 chest thrusts

d) Begin CPR immediately
43. Which of the following is not recommended treatment for a casualty in shock?*

a) Lay casualty on their back

b) Raise casualty’s legs

c) Ensure casualty does not eat or drink

d) Attempt to calm casualty as best as possible
44. Which of the following is not a typical symptom of a casualty in shock?*

a) Anxiety

b) Rapid, weak pulse

c) Raspy cough

d) Pale, clammy skin
45. Which of the following is true of arterial blood loss?*

a) It is generally bright red, and is slower than venous loss

b) It is generally bright red, and is faster than venous loss

c) It is generally dark red and slower than venous loss

d) It is generally dark red and faster than venous loss
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46. When treating a bleed, what should you do if the pad becomes soaked with blood?*

a) Remove pad, place another dry one in its place

b) Remove pad, wash area, then replace with new pad

c) Do not remove pad, leave it as it is

d) Do not remove pad, place another pad firmly on top
47. Describe how you would treat a casualty who has internal bleeding*

a) Lye the casualty down, and if the breathing becomes difficult, perform a tracheotomy

b) Lie the casualty down with feet raised, call an ambulance and monitor (DRSABCD) till ambulance arrives

c) Lie the casualty down with head raised, apply cold to the wound, call an ambulance and monitor (DRSABCD) till ambulance arrives
48. How should you manage an imbedded object in a casualty’s arm?*

a) Apply donut bandage around the object, then use compression bandage to secure donut and prevent bleeding

b) Remove object immediately to prevent infection, place compression bandage over wound

c) Raise limb and place compression bandage over object

d) Any of the above methods is acceptable
49. Which of the following is not generally a sign of internal bleeding?*

a) Rigid, tender abdomen

b) Blood in a casualty’s vomit

c) Difficulty breathing

d) Dry cough
50. Which is the correct method to treating a casualty who is bleeding from the scalp after a head injury?*

a) Apply direct pressure to the wound

b) Lay casualty on ground, with wound facing downwards

c) Apply wet towel to head and call 000

d) Check if wound is spongy, and if not, carefully apply direct pressure
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51. How should you manage a casualty who is bleeding from their ear?*

a) Place casualty in recovery position with affected ear facing downwards

b) Try to stop bleeding by applying direct pressure

c) Place casualty in a dark room and call 000

d) Place casualty in recovery position with affected ear facing upwards
52. Which of the following methods is not recommended for treating a bleeding casualty?*

a) Rub ice on the wound

b) Apply pressure

c) Elevate bleeding limb

d) Apply bandage to secure pressure
53. What is the correct treatment for a nose bleed?*

a) Lean casualty forward and pinch hard part of nose

b) Lean casualty forward and pinch soft part of nose

c) Lean casualty’s head back and plug with tissue

d) Lean casualty’s head back and pinch hard part of nose
54. Which of the following statements is incorrect about treatment of an amputated finger?*

a) A tourniquet should be applied firmly to the casualty’s wrist

b) You should ideally wash your hands before assisting

c) The finger should be placed in a plastic bag on ice
55. Which of the following would be considered a sign of a severe asthma attack*

a) Unable to speak more than a few words in one breath

b) Persistent cough

c) Wheezing

d) Dizziness
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56. Which of the following is the correct treatment for a casualty suffering an asthma attack?*

a) Administer brown coloured inhaler, 4 puffs, 4 breaths per puff, then readminister after 4 minutes if no improvement

b) Administer blue/grey coloured inhaler, 4 puffs, 4 breaths per puff, then readminister after 4 minutes if no improvement

c) Call an ambulance immediately, have casualty suck on ice until paramedics arrive

d) Administer reliever medication through a spacer, if no spacer is available do not administer inhaler, call an ambulance
57. Which of the following are signs / symptoms of a cardiac arrest?*

a) Central chest pain, headache, slurred speech, numbness or weakness down one side, blurred vision

b) Central chest pain radiating into neck, jaw and/or arm, shortness of breath, pale, sweaty

c) Central chest pain, pale, raised body temperature, confused, weak, shallow pulse

d) Sweating, confusion, dizziness, possibly aggressive
58. How do you treat a casualty that is having a heart attack?*

a) Call 000, lay casualty on ground, raise legs

b) Call 000, begin CPR immediately

c) Call 000, give aspirin, keep casualty comfortable, follow DRSABCD

d) Call 000, give aspirin and nitro-glycerine tablets/spray, wait for ambulance to arrive
59. Match the symptoms with the condition
Asthma*
Cardiac arrest*
Choking*
Shock*
60. List 4 signs a person is having a mild or moderate allergic reaction?*
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61. List 5 common triggers to allergic reactions and anaphylaxis*
62. List the 7 signs of a severe allergic reaction*
63. List 5 potential Asthma triggers*
64. Where should you inject an Epi-Pen on a casualty in anaphylaxis?*
65. What does the A stand for in AVPU?*

a) Alcohol

b) Alert

c) Astonished
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66. What 4 questions should you ask a casualty who appears groggy or mentally impaired (from an injury)?*
67. What should you do if the casualty cannot answer these questions?*
68. What should you do if a person with alcohol poisoning becomes unconscious?*

a) Follow DRSABCD, call 000 / 112

b) Wake them up and give them a lot of coffee

c) Leave them to sleep it off

d) None of the above
69. List 3 effects drugs may have on someone*
70. List 3 effects of marijuana*
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71. List 3 types of projectile objects that can cause injury.*
72. Select the option you could do if a bystander is affected with Capsicum Spray (from police intervention)?

a) Encourage blinking

b) Wear gloves

c) Have casualty remove any contact lenses and wash them

d) Encourage deep breaths if breathing difficulty occurs

e) Be prepared to call 000 if the casualty exhibits any signs of respiratory injury

f) All the above
73. Describe the actions you would take when treating a casualty who has splashed a chemical into their eye*
74. What is positional asphyxia?*
75. How can you minimise the risk of positional asphyxia?*

a) Do not apply any pressure to the neck whilst restraining a casualty

b) Sit the casualty upright

c) Lay the casualty on their back

d) Check the causalities mouth for obstructions
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76. What warning signs might you observe when restraining a casualty regarding positional asphyxia?*
77. What would you do if a casualty loses consciousness due to positional asphyxia?*
78. What is the usual cause of fainting?*

a) A temporary loss of blood to the brain

b) Too much blood directed towards the brain

c) A heart attack
79. FAST is a simple way for remembering the signs of a stroke. What does FAST stand for?*

a) Facial weakness, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to act fast.

b) Facial weakness, Arm strength, speech and dizziness, Time to act fast.

c) Fainting, angina, stroke, temperature.

d) Facial discolouring, Arm weakness, speck difficulty, Tiredness
80. What action should you take when presented with a person you suspect has had a stroke?*
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81. What 3 basic tasks can you ask a casualty to perform if you suspect they have had a stroke?*
82. How should you care for a person who is having an epileptic seizure?*

a) Stay calm, keep track of time, remove objects out of the way and let the seizure run its course.

b) Carefully restrain the casualty to ensure they do not hurt themself or others (ask for help if needed)

c) Stay calm, keep track of time, and only restrain the casualty if the seizure lasts for more than 5 minutes
84. At a venue, you hear a commotion behind you and turn to see a teenage girl on the ground having a seizure. People are starting to gather around and someone is attempting to hold her still
83a. How would you manage the crowd gathering?*

a) Ask the crowd to stand back and to give the girl room and if a first-aider is assisting the girl, you should offer assistance and ensure the crowd allows enough distance for the first aider to work.

b) Ask the crowd to form an orderly circle around the girl

c) Get as many people involved as possible no matter if they are trained or not.

d) All of the above
83b. How would you manage the girl having a seizure?*
83c. Once the seizure stops, the girl is unconscious and breathing rapidly. What would you do at this stage?*
83d. List 3 reasons the girl may have had a seizure.*
84. Choose the correct symptoms of a febrile convulsion*

a) The child usually loses consciousness, their muscles may stiffen or jerk, the child may go red or blue in the face, the convulsion may last for several minutes, when the movements stop, and the child regains consciousness but remains sleepy or irritated afterwards.

b) The child always stays conscious, their muscles may stiffen, the child may go pail or white in the face, the convulsion may last for several hours, when the movements stop, and the child regains consciousness but remains sleepy or irritated afterwards
85. How should you treat a febrile convulsion?*
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86. What are 3 symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes?*
87. Which of the following are signs or symptoms of hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose)?*

a) Sweating, weakness, confusion

b) An abundance of energy

c) Excessive thirst and urination
88. How should you treat suspected hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)?*

a) Call an ambulance immediately

b) Offer casualty sugar, such as a soft drink or jelly beans

c) Help them take their insulin
89. Which of the following can indicate damage to the brain after a head injury?*

a) A sore neck

b) A cut on the forehead

c) Loss of consciousness
90. If the casualty seems fine after a significant head injury, what should you do?*

a) Leave them alone – they are fine

b) Monitor them closely as symptoms may be delayed

c) Go to the hospital immediately or call an ambulance
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92. Outside, you witness a child take a bad hit to the head, knocking him to the ground. It appears that he is still conscious; however they seem groggy and a little confused. The child is also bleeding from his head.
91a. How would you assess the extent of the injury?*
91b. What questions would you ask the casualty?*

a) Simple questions such as time, date, location, name – to establish if any brain injury has occurred

b) Simple mathematical equations

c) Personal questions about their past

d) All of the above
91c. What would warrant you contacting an ambulance?*
91d. How would you treat the head wound?*
92. List 3 signs and symptoms of spinal injury*
93. What would you do if an unconscious casualty has a suspected spinal injury?*

a) Follow DRSABCD, only move the casualty if absolutely necessary, use techniques to minimise the movement of the cervical spine (neck)

b) Follow DRSABCD, raise head with rolled up shirt or other pillow, place casualty in recovery position

c) Follow DRSABCD, only move the casualty if absolutely necessary, place casualty in recovery position)

d) Do nothing and wait for medical assistance
94. What should you do if you had to move a person with a suspected spinal injury?*
95. What should you do if a casualty is crushed between two objects and is in pain?*

a) Call an ambulance and leave the person between the two objects to ensure you do not exacerbate their injury

b) Call 000, and where possible, remove the crushing forces, then follow DRSABCD

c) Remove the crushing force, and if the casualty is no longer complaining of pain, let them leave
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96. True or false? It is safe to leave a child with medication as long as it has a safety cap.*

a) True

b) False
97. Where do most poisonings occur?*

a) In the home

b) In the garden

d) At work
98. If poisoning is suspected you should…*

a) Induce vomiting straight away

b) Give casualty plenty of water to dilute the poison

c) Contact the Poisons hotline and follow their instructions
99. Choose 2 actions you should undertake when treating a casualty with heat stroke or hyperthermia*
a) Moisten the skin with a moist cloth or atomiser spray, and fan repeatedly
b) Place ice in the causalities mouth
c) Apply wrapped ice packs to net, groin and armpits and offer small sips of water and cool casualty down
d) Drink as much water as possible
100. What are the 4 key symptoms of someone who is dehydrated?*
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101. List 2 possible factors that may contribute to a heat induced illness such as hyperthermia*
102. Which is correct first-aid for heat exhaustion?*

a) Give the casualty as much water to drink as possible, as quickly as possible

b) Massage any heat cramps

c) Offer small sips of water, and cool casualty down
103. Who are the most prone to heat induced illnesses such as hyperthermia?*

a) The very young and very old

b) Teenagers

c) Everyone
104. What steps should you take to treat a casualty suffering from dehydration?*
105. True or false? As body temperature decreases in hypothermia, shivering will eventually stop*

True

False
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106. Which should you do when managing severe hypothermia?*

a) Give casualty a hot drink

b) Rub any areas of frostbite thoroughly

c) Remove any wet clothing
107. You are presented with a casualty who fell into a cold lake and is showing signs of severe hypothermia. What should you do?*
108. How many of these actions you would perform differently when following DRABCD whilst resuscitating a drowning victim*

a) Call for help as soon as possible.

b) Removal from the water

c) Assess the victim on the back with the head and the body at the same level, rather than in a head down position.

d) The victim should not be routinely rolled onto the side to assess airway and breathing

e) Only roll victim onto side when airway is obstructed with fluid or particulate matter - with head turned slightly downwards to allow foreign material to drain using gravity

f) Victims who have been successfully resuscitated must be closely monitored to detect relapse or cardiopulmonary arrest

g) Do not empty a distended stomach by applying external pressure.

h) Do not attempt to expel or drain clear water or frothy fluid that may re-accumulate in the upper airway during resuscitation (to avoid delays or interruptions to CPR)

i) All the above
109. List 3 signs of a fracture*
110. How would you treat a casualty with a fracture?*

a) Immobilise, elevate (where possible), assess and treat other injuries, then call for help

b) Do not move the casualty, call 000 then wait for an ambulance

c) Tightly apply a pressure bandage to the fracture to hold it in place, apply ice to the area then call 000
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111. What do you do if a casualty has sprained their ankle?*

a) Rest, Ice, Compress and Elevate the ankle

b) Have the casualty walk the sprain off

c) Place ankle in a bucket of ice till the swelling reduces, then strap firmly
112. How would treat a casualty who has dislocated their limb?*

a) Quickly pop it back in, because the longer it is dislocated, the more likely it will cause significant injury to blood vessels and nerves

b) Sit the casualty down, try to elevate the limb (if possible), apply ice and get medical assistance

c) Apply a pressure bandage to the dislocated limb, ice and elevate. Call for medical assistance
113. How do you treat a Snake Bite?*
114. Choose the 2 best ways that you treat a Red Back Spider Bite?*
a) Wash the area and keep it clean.
b) Suck the poison out with your mouth
c) Apply a pressure bandage to the affected area
d) Seek advice from the Poisons Information Centre / hospital to and follow their instructions
115. Choose 3 ways to best treat a Bee Sting?*
a) Never pull or squeeze the sting out as more venom will be injected.
b) Grab the sting with the ends of fingers and pull out
c) Using your teeth remove stinger.
d) Apply heat to the affected area
e) Apply ice to reduce the swelling and to ease the pain (do not apply ice to the eye area).
f) Seek medical attention straight away if an allergic reaction occurs, or if the person has been stung more than 5 times.
116. List 3 things you should NOT do to a burn wound.*
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Student Declaration:
I declare that the work submitted is my own, and has not been copied or plagiarised from any person or source. I have also been advised of and am aware of my appeal rights.
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